水电:防洪

近年来，由于极端的天气条件，调节水库的水位变得越来越有必要.

有点开玩笑地说, we can say that we rarely need emergency preparedness exercises anymore, because extreme weather occurs so often,kamatre Hønsi说, SVP for Statkraft's Central 挪威 Region.

Contrary to popular belief, spring flooding is not the biggest problem.

"We usually have control over that, 因为整个冬天十大靠谱网赌都会定期测量山上的雪量. 由此可以准确预测水库融水流入情况，及时采取必要的措施. 冬天过后, water levels in the reservoirs are low, so there's ample room for the melt water,他说.

大量的水

Intense rainfall in the autumn, with extreme amounts of precipitation over short periods, occurs more and more often and is much more challenging than spring flooding.

“在融化季节之后，水库的水位明显高于春季. 当十大靠谱网赌遇到不可预测的强降雨时，就会产生具有挑战性的情况，”Hønsi说.

If the reservoirs don't have the capacity to dam up the rainwater, the rivers downstream will flood, 哪一种会造成重大损害. That happened in the autumn of 2018 in Sogn, 由于暴雨和前不久的积雪融化同时大量涌入. Unregulated watercourses were severely damaged and people were evacuated. 在这种情况下, 斯塔克拉夫特的人经常外出检查几条河流的水位, including the Jostedøla River in Luster.

"When we saw that the water level had gone down a little in the rivers, we opened the gates and lowered the reservoirs. 十大靠谱网赌不断监测河流的容量，并使水流均匀，”Hønsi说.

这导致了十大靠谱网赌被警告的五十年一遇的洪水被降级为二十年一遇的洪水.

在同一个秋天，当Luster的Mørkrid河泛滥时，30人被疏散. The Jostedøla River is a larger watercourse than the Mørkrid, 在那里，Statkraft管理着与Jostedal和Leirdøla发电厂相连的水库. We used all means available to us before and during the extreme rain storm, and we managed to handle the situation,他说.

If the autumn's first snowfall is followed by mild weather, the snow will melt at the same time as any heavy rainfall that occurs. 然后大量的水立刻从山上和山谷中倾泻而下，就像在宋朝发生的那样.

“这种情况很难控制，但十大靠谱网赌尽最大努力做好准备. 没有人能像电力行业那样密切关注天气预报——如果有危险情况出现的风险，十大靠谱网赌会立即保持警惕,Hønsi说.

为社会节省大笔开支

天气预报会提前10天绘制到Statkraft的模型中，并受到密切监控.

"When we're sure that a challenging situation is on the way, our focus shifts from financial optimisation to civil protection. Then we prepare to receive the expected quantities of water, 例如，打开水闸，先发制人地降低蓄水池的水位,Hønsi说.

达格玛风暴, which hit Western 挪威 and Trøndelag County on Christmas Day in 2011, caused a power outage for more than a million Norwegians, and the flood triggered damage claims for a record NOK 1.30亿年.

"Dagmar signalled the beginning of a significant change. After 2011, extreme weather events have become increasingly frequent. 这给了十大靠谱网赌非常明确的迹象，即受监管的发电厂为社会节省了大量资金. There are, of course, no guarantees. 如果当极端天气来袭时水库已经满了，那就太迟了. The best situation is when the reservoirs have some spare capacity, 如果十大靠谱网赌没有时间提前降低它们，那么十大靠谱网赌就有事情要做了,Hønsi说.

更狂野，更潮湿

Multiconsult代表挪威能源公司编写的一份报告显示，2010年后，挪威的洪水保险赔付额翻了两番, 受监管的发电厂每年都有助于减少大量的洪水损失赔偿. An example in the report is the October flood that hit Western 挪威 in 2014. Damage in Flåm and Odda at that time cost more than NOK 0.50亿年, 而邻近的奥兰和蒂塞达尔水道则没有受到损害，这些水道受到监管.

"We're very aware that we are not allowed to exacerbate a natural flood, and we always focus on reducing the flood as far as our measures allow us. 当十大靠谱网赌看到极端天气即将来临时，十大靠谱网赌会迅速采取紧急措施. 2018 was an example of a year of great variations in the weather. 寒冷的冬天之后是异常温暖干燥的夏天和潮湿的秋天. 天气预报显示，在未来的几年里，十大靠谱网赌将会遇到更猛烈、更潮湿的天气, so there is no longer any doubt that climate change is a fact. 所以现在十大靠谱网赌讨论的不仅仅是如何防止气候变化，而是如何适应它. Flood protection is one way to adapt, and our water reservoirs are excellent climate adaptation measures,Hønsi说.

环境al protection versus flood risk

In some cases environmental considerations conflict with flood protection.

"We are currently in a period of term revision, where old power plant licences are renewed and adapted to modern times. 当局, in this case the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate, 是否关注确保河流的最低水流量以保护环境. This is challenging when consideration must also be given to flood control, 因为当调节器必须在水库中保留更多的水以确保河流的最小水量时，洪水的风险就会增加. 十大靠谱网赌最终会比以前储存更多的水，尤其是在秋天，然后风险就会增加. The water level in the rivers will already be high, 因此，必须在河流的环境保护与洪水对社会造成损害的风险之间进行权衡. To guarantee minimum water flow in dry years, we simply have to store more water, but fuller reservoirs can increase flood risk,Hønsi解释道.

One thing is certain: For Statkraft, 民事保护总是比潜在的经济收益前景更重要.

"We're very clear in this area. 十大靠谱网赌承认十大靠谱网赌的社会责任，并通知受影响的各方，以及十大靠谱网赌可以当十大靠谱网赌看到一个具有挑战性的天气情况. Although it's tempting to keep the reservoirs full, we never hesitate to lower them in advance, so they have more capacity to accept any rain that might come,kamatre Hønsi说.